US National Park Service is 108 years old
USAThe US National Park Service was formed August 25, 1916. Each national parks across the US accommodate over 318 million visitors every year. They employ 20,000 people to manage both […]
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This day in stamps
![While expanding the production and use of the Salk polio vaccine nationally and internationally, Connaught also intensified its research focus on the development of an oral polio vaccine (OPV), using live, but attenuated or weakened, poliovirus strains developed by Dr. Albert Sabin, a virologist based at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Salk's vaccine built blood immunity, but Sabin’s polio prevention strategy was based on preparing a vaccine that would build immunity in the digestive tract, where the poliovirus naturally replicates. Sabin’s research was thus focused on carefully selecting and cultivating attenuated poliovirus strains in the laboratory through a complex series of tissue cultures which utilized various animal cells, mostly monkey kidney and testicular tissues, in which the virus replicated.[5] But Sabin’s poliovirus strains remained alive, yet weakened and genetically stable to the point that they consistently stimulated immunity without causing disease. The finished vaccine would be easily administered with a spoon, or dropped onto a sugar cube. Once Sabin provided seed samples of his attenuated poliovirus strains, the OPV production process was not as technologically complex as for Salk’s vaccine. They involved more precise and painstaking work with tissue culturing, requiring highly sterile conditions and constant testing of the genetic stability of the attenuated strains. OPV’s advantages include ease of administration, lower cost, longer immunity, and the ability of the vaccine strains to spread in a community and immunize beyond those directly given the vaccine, thus potentially stopping outbreaks. This latter advantage also carried the very low, but real, risk of live vaccine strains reverting to virulence and directly or indirectly causing polio.](https://bittergrounds.com/wp-content/uploads/Albert-Sabin.jpg "Albert-Sabin")
Albert Sabin born Aug 26, 1906
USAAlbert Sabin, polio vaccine creator, was born August 26, 1906, in Bialystok, Poland. His family left Poland in 1921 for the US, where Sabin would become an American citizen in […]
Aug 27 is Moldovan Independence Day
Moldova , Moldova, Republic ofMoldovan Independence Day is celebrated on August 27. Moldova threw off Soviet control in 1991 after a landmark free election in 1990. By August 1991, Modova's parliament adopted the Moldovan […]
Artist Fritz Wotruba 1907 – 1975 dies
Austria Salzburg, AustriaOn August 28, 1975, Austrian sculptor and graphic artist Fritz Wotruba died. Fritz Wotruba (1907–1975) is considered to be one of the most important European sculptors of the twentieth century. […]
3 time Oscar winner Ingrid Bergman born .. & died
SwedenActress Ingrid Bergman was born August 29, 1915 in Stockholm, Sweden and died August 29, 1982 in London, England. ''I have had a wonderful life. I have never regretted what […]
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley born 1797
United Kingdom , United KingdomOn August 30, 1797, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley was born in London, England. The daughter of free thinkers and early feminists, Shelley went on to write a science fiction and philosophical […]
Trinidad and Tobago gains independence 1962
Trinidad and TobagoOn August 31, 1962, the Caribbean country of Trinidad and Tobago gained independence from the UK. Independence, 60th Anniversary Four stamps: Justice, Education, Health and Agriculture Released in 2022 […]
Sickle Cell Awareness Month starts Sept. 1
USASickle Cell Awareness Month begins September 1. TEST EARLY FOR SICKLE CELL Issued in 2004 by the USPS using an original oil painting by artist James Gurney Sickle cell disease […]
Nobel Prize geneticist Barbara McClintock dies 1992
USABarbara McClintock, Nobel Prize winning geneticist, died September 2, 1992 "Throughout her career, Barbara McClintock studied the cytogenetics of maize, making discoveries so far beyond the understanding of the […]
Irish Canadian artist Paul Kane born 1810
Canada , CanadaOn September 3, 1810, artist Paul Kane was born. “On my return to Canada from the continent of Europe, where I had passed nearly four years in studying my profession […]
Little Rock 9 are greeted by an angry mob
USPS AR, United StatesOn September 4, 1957, after Federal courts issued an order sending the Little Rock 9 to Central High, in Little Rock, an angry mob of adults gathered at the school […]
1666 – Great Fire of London dies out
United Kingdom , United KingdomThe Great Fire of London died out on September 5, 1666, after raging 3 days. ...;but, Lord! what sad sight it was by moone-light to see, the whole City almost […]